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652 AD
962-1030
- Islamic era established with the Ghaznavid Dynasty (962-1140)
- Afghanistan becomes the center of Islamic power and civilization.
1030--
- Mahmud Ghazni dies.
- Conflicts between various Ghaznavid rulers arise and as a result the empire starts to crumple.
1140--
- Ghorid leaders from central Afghanistan capture and burn Ghazni, then move on to conquer India.
1219-1221 --
- Invasion of Afghanistan by Genghis Khan
- Destruction of Irrigation systems by Genghis Khan, which turned fertile soil into permanent deserts.
1273
- Marco Polo crossed Afghan Turkistan
1332-1370
- Descendants of earlier Ghorid rulers reassert control over Afghanistan.
1370-1404
- The rule of Timour-i-Lang (Tamerlane)
1451--
- An Afghan named Buhlul invades Delhi, and seizes the throne. He finds the Lodi dynasty.
1504-1519
- Babur, founder of the Moghul dynasty takes control of Kabul
1520-1579
- Bayazid Roshan (Afghan intellectual) revolts against the power of the Moghul government. Roshan was killed in a battle with the Moghuls in 1579--but his struggle for independence continued.
1613-1689
- Khushhal Khan Khattak (Afghan warrior-poet) initiates a national uprising against the foreign Moghul government.
1708
- Mir Wais (forerunner of Afghan independence) makes Kandahar independent of Safavid Persia that had ruled it since 1622.
1715--
- Mir Wais dies peacefully, and lies in a mausoleum outside of Kandahar.
1722--
- Mir Wais' son, Mir Mahmud, invades Persia and occupies Isfahan. At the same time, the Durranis revolt, and terminate the Persian occupation of Herat.
1725--
- (April 25)--Mir Mahmud is mysteriously killed after going mad.
- Afghans start to lose control of Persia.
1736--
- Nadir Shah (head of Persia) occupies southwest Afghanistan, and southeast Persia.
1738--
- Nadir Shah takes Kandahar.
1747--
- Nadir Shah is assassinated, and the Afghans rise once again. Afghans, under the leadership of Ahmad Shah Abdali retake Kandahar, and establish modern Afghanistan.
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